Operating an engine with reformate

ABSTRACT

The present description relates to operation and control of a fuel reformer. In one embodiment, an engine constituent is adjusted in response to limiting an amount of reformate supplied to the engine during a condition of reformer degradation. The approach can improve engine operation. In this way, consequences of reformate system degradation may be reduced by limiting use of the reformate system after degradation is detected.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates to control and management of enginesystems including and related to a fuel reformer.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

A reformer may convert a liquid fuel such as gasoline, diesel fuel,ethanol, etc. into a reformate gas so that the reformate gas can becombusted by an engine to improve combustion stability, knockresistance, and heating value. Further, reformed fuel may be used topurge or reduce constituents held or stored by an exhaust gas aftertreatment device. In one example, a reformate system may include abuffer tank, cooler, vaporizer, storage vessel, and gaseous injector tofacilitate reformate use by a vehicle engine.

The inventor herein recognizes various issues that may develop withengine and reformate systems. For example, as the number and complexityof components in a reformate system increases, an engine may need tooperate under conditions both with and without reformate. In an enginedesigned to utilize reformate gas, such modes may differ from those ofconventional engines. In one example, a low supply of reformate gascould result in engine misfire. In a further example, a degradation of areformate system component may lead to increased emissions or lessefficient engine combustion. Therefore, the present description providesmethods and systems for operating an engine utilizing reformate gaseousfuel are described. In one example, a method of operating an engine,comprising: limiting reformate flow to said engine in response todegradation of a fuel reformer; reducing an engine constituentproportionate to said limiting reformate flow; and increasing an amountof liquid fuel delivered to said engine to maintain engine torque and anair-fuel ratio of said engine prior to said limiting reformate flow.

One advantage of the above method is that consequences of reformatesystem degradation may be reduced by limiting use of the reformatesystem after degradation is detected. For example, if the reformatesystem is providing less than a threshold amount of reformate, reformeroperation can be limited so that less energy is consumed by operatingthe reformer and so that the engine does not continue to operate as if ahigher amount of reformate is available. Further, by adjusting liquidfuel supplied to an engine as well as engine constituents (e.g., chargedilution and/or boost) reasonable engine performance may be maintained.In this way, engine operation may be maintained at a reasonable level.

It will be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce insimplified form a selection of concepts that are further described inthe detailed description, which follows. It is not meant to identify keyor essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of whichis defined by the claims that follow the detailed description. Further,the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solveany disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a first example engine including a reformate system;

FIG. 2 shows a second example engine including a reformate system;

FIG. 3 shows an example higher level routine for operating an engine;

FIG. 4 shows an example routine for determining if a reformate system isdegraded;

FIG. 5 shows an example routine for responding to an increased amount ofexhaust oxygen in an example engine including a reformate system;

FIG. 6 shows an example routine for responding to misfire in an exampleengine including a reformate system; and

FIG. 7 shows an example routine for controlling engine emissions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Devices, systems and methods are described herein, including detectionmodes for an example engine equipped with a reformer. First, exampleengines including reformate systems are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Thenexemplary routines are described with reference to FIGS. 3-7 as examplemethods for control of such engines.

Turning to FIG. 1, internal combustion engine 10, comprising a pluralityof cylinders, one cylinder of which is shown in FIG. 1, is controlled byelectronic engine controller 12. Engine 10 includes combustion chamber30 and cylinder walls 32 with piston 36 positioned therein and connectedto crankshaft 40. Combustion chamber 30 is shown communicating withintake manifold 44 and exhaust manifold 48 via respective intake valve52 and exhaust valve 54. Each intake and exhaust valve may be operatedby an intake cam 51 and an exhaust cam 53. Alternatively, one or more ofthe intake and exhaust valves may be operated by an electromechanicallycontrolled valve coil and armature assembly. The position of intake cam51 may be determined by intake cam sensor 55. The position of exhaustcam 53 may be determined by exhaust cam sensor 57.

Intake manifold 44 is also shown coupled to the engine cylinder havingfuel injector 66 coupled thereto for delivering liquid fuel inproportion to the pulse width of signal FPW from controller 12. Fuel isdelivered to fuel injector 66 by a fuel system including fuel tank 91(which may be a liquid fuel tank), fuel pump (not shown), fuel lines(not shown), and fuel rail (not shown). The engine 10 of FIG. 1 isconfigured such that the fuel is injected directly into the enginecylinder, which is known to those skilled in the art as directinjection. Alternatively, liquid fuel may be port injected. Fuelinjector 66 is supplied operating current from driver 68 which respondsto controller 12. In addition, intake manifold 44 is shown communicatingwith optional electronic throttle 64. In one example, a low pressuredirect injection system may be used, where fuel pressure can be raisedto approximately 20-30 bar. Alternatively, a high pressure, dual stage,fuel system may be used to generate higher fuel pressures.

Gaseous fuel may be injected to intake manifold 44 by way of fuelinjector 89. In another embodiment, gaseous fuel may be directlyinjected into cylinder 30. Gaseous fuel is supplied to fuel injector 89from storage tank 93 by way of pump 96 and check valve 82. Pump 96pressurizes gaseous fuel supplied from fuel reformer 97 in storage tank93. Check valve 82 limits flow of gaseous fuel from storage tank 93 tofuel reformer 97 when the output of pump 96 is at a lower pressure thanstorage tank 93. Fuel reformer 97 includes catalyst 72 and may furtherinclude optional electrical heater 98 for reforming liquid fuel suppliedfrom fuel tank 91. Fuel reformer 97 is shown coupled to the exhaustsystem downstream of catalyst 70 and exhaust manifold 48. However, fuelreformer 97 may be coupled to exhaust manifold 48 and located upstreamof catalyst 70. For example, fuel reformer 97 may use a catalyst andexhaust heat to drive an endothermic dehydrogenation of alcohol suppliedby fuel tank 91 to promote fuel reformation.

Distributorless ignition system 88 provides an ignition spark tocombustion chamber 30 via spark plug 92 in response to controller 12.Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensor 126 is shown coupled toexhaust manifold 48 upstream of catalytic converter 70. Alternatively, atwo-state exhaust gas oxygen sensor may be substituted for UEGO sensor126.

Converter 70 can include multiple catalyst bricks, in one example. Inanother example, multiple emission control devices, each with multiplebricks, can be used. Converter 70 can be a three-way type catalyst inone example.

In some examples, engine 10 may include a compression device to provideboost, as a turbocharger or supercharger. Such a device includes atleast a compressor 162 arranged along intake manifold 44. For aturbocharger, compressor 162 may be at least partially driven by aturbine 164 (e.g. via a shaft 166) arranged along exhaust passage 48.For a supercharger, compressor 162 may be at least partially driven bythe engine and/or an electric machine, and may not include a turbine.Thus, the amount of compression provided to one or more cylinders of theengine via a turbocharger or supercharger may be varied by controller12, and sent via signal BOOST. Further, compressor 162 may include acompressor bypass valve (not shown) and turbine 164 may include a wastegate (also not shown) to control pressure in one or more passage of theengine (e.g., intake passage 42, manifold 44, and exhaust passage 48).

Further, in the disclosed embodiments, an exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) system may route a desired portion of exhaust gas from exhaustpassage 48 to intake manifold 44 (and/or in intake passage 42) via EGRpassage 140. The amount of EGR provided to intake passage 48 may bevaried by controller 12 via EGR valve 142. Further, an EGR sensor (notshown) may be arranged within the EGR passage and may provide anindication of one or more pressure, temperature, and concentration ofthe exhaust gas. Under some conditions, the EGR system may be used toregulate the temperature of the air and fuel mixture within thecombustion chamber, thus providing a method of controlling the timing ofignition during some combustion modes. Further, during some conditions,a portion of combustion gases may be retained or trapped in thecombustion chamber by controlling exhaust valve timing, such as bycontrolling a variable valve timing mechanism.

Controller 12 is shown in FIG. 1 as a conventional microcomputerincluding: microprocessor unit 102, input/output ports 104, read-onlymemory 106, random access memory 108, keep alive memory 110, and aconventional data bus. Controller 12 is shown receiving various signalsfrom sensors coupled to engine 10, in addition to those signalspreviously discussed, including: engine coolant temperature (ECT) fromtemperature sensor 112 coupled to cooling sleeve 114; a position sensor134 coupled to an accelerator pedal 130 for sensing force applied byfoot 132; a measurement of engine manifold pressure (MAP) from pressuresensor 122 coupled to intake manifold 44; an engine position sensor froma Hall effect sensor 118 sensing crankshaft 40 position; a measurementof reformer tank temperature from temperature sensor 87; a measurementof reformer tank pressure from pressure sensor 85; a measurement ofreformer tank temperature from temperature sensor 87; a measurement ofair mass entering the engine from sensor 120; and a measurement ofthrottle position from sensor 62. Barometric pressure may also be sensed(sensor not shown) for processing by controller 12. In a preferredaspect of the present description, engine position sensor 118 produces apredetermined number of equally spaced pulses every revolution of thecrankshaft from which engine speed (RPM) can be determined.

In some embodiments, the engine may be coupled to an electricmotor/battery system in a hybrid vehicle. The hybrid vehicle may have aparallel configuration, series configuration, or variation orcombinations thereof.

During operation, each cylinder within engine 10 typically undergoes afour stroke cycle: the cycle includes the intake stroke, compressionstroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. During the intake stroke,generally, the exhaust valve 54 closes and intake valve 52 opens. Air isintroduced into combustion chamber 30 via intake manifold 44, and piston36 moves to the bottom of the cylinder so as to increase the volumewithin combustion chamber 30. The position at which piston 36 is nearthe bottom of the cylinder and at the end of its stroke (e.g. whencombustion chamber 30 is at its largest volume) is typically referred toby those of skill in the art as bottom dead center (BDC). During thecompression stroke, intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 are closed.Piston 36 moves toward the cylinder head so as to compress the airwithin combustion chamber 30. The point at which piston 36 is at the endof its stroke and closest to the cylinder head (e.g. when combustionchamber 30 is at its smallest volume) is typically referred to by thoseof skill in the art as top dead center (TDC). In a process hereinafterreferred to as injection, fuel is introduced into the combustionchamber. In a process hereinafter referred to as ignition, the injectedfuel is ignited by known ignition means such as spark plug 92, resultingin combustion. During the expansion stroke, the expanding gases pushpiston 36 back to BDC. Crankshaft 40 converts piston movement into arotational torque of the rotary shaft. Finally, during the exhauststroke, the exhaust valve 54 opens to release the combusted air-fuelmixture to exhaust manifold 48 and the piston returns to TDC. Note thatthe above is shown merely as an example, and that intake and exhaustvalve opening and/or closing timings may vary, such as to providepositive or negative valve overlap, late intake valve closing, orvarious other examples.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a second example engine 210 including a reformatesystem 212. Engine 210 may be included in an example vehicle. Further,engine 210 includes an engine block 214 defining and enclosing aplurality of cylinders 216, each of which may receive one or more liquidand gaseous fuels.

Liquid fuel tank 218 stores a liquid fuel that may be a blend of ethanoland gasoline, as described above. In other examples, the liquid fuel maycontain methanol or other alcohol and/or gasoline and/or diesel fuel. Afuel pump (not shown) may increase pressure and direct fuel in fuel line220 to an example port fuel injector 222 or fuel rail 224. Fuel rail 224may be in fluid communication with one or more injectors incommunication with cylinders 216. Further, the present example onlyshows one port injector 222 coupled to one of the plurality of intakerunners 226. In additional examples, each of the intake runners 226 hasa port injector 222 coupled to it.

Liquid fuel including ethanol may also be reformed, for example, intoreformate gas, as described briefly with respect to FIG. 1. A firstreformate valve 228 allows liquid fuel to be pumped to cooler 230 andcontinue to a vaporizer 232 before entering an example reformer 234(which includes a catalyst—not shown, but described above with respectto FIG. 1). In the present example, waste heat from engine exhaust gasesmay be directed by exhaust diverter valve 236 to exhaust passage loop238, which is in thermal communication with the catalyst included inreformer 234. In the present example, liquid fuel reformed into gas atreformer 234 then flows back through cooler 230 and on to a buffer tank240 (dashed lines indicate the different paths of liquid fuel andreformate gas in the cooler).

Second reformate valve 242 and third reformate valve 244 control flowthrough gaseous fuel line 246. Gaseous fuel line is coupled to gaseousinjector 248, which itself is coupled to intake manifold 250. Intakemanifold 250 may receive air from an intake passage, example compressor,air intake system, etc. and mix air with reformate gas injected viainjector 248.

In the present example, gaseous fuel line 246 also includes an optionalexhaust reformate injector 252. Exhaust gases from cylinders 216 aredirected via a plurality of exhaust runners 254 to an exhaust manifold256 and then to an exhaust passage 258. The present example includes anexhaust passage 258 including a first exhaust after treatment device 262(e.g., a three-way catatlyst), and a second exhaust after treatmentdevice 264 (e.g., a lean NOx trap). Further, in the present example,exhaust reformate injector 252, diverter valve 236 to exhaust passageloop 238 are intermediate the first and second exhaust after treatmentdevices 262 and 264, respectively. Reformate may be leaked or injectedinto the exhaust passage 258 upstream of after treatment device 264,thereby increasing a concentration of hydrocarbons (HC) and/or othercombustible gases in the exhaust. The reformate may assist with purgingthe second exhaust after treatment device 264 (as discussed in moredetail below with respect to FIG. 7).

A first exhaust gas sensor 266 is positioned intermediate first exhaustafter treatment device 262 and exhaust manifold 256 (e.g., upstream ofexhaust after treatment device 262), and a second exhaust gas sensor 268is positioned adjacent second exhaust after treatment device 264 (e.g.,downstream of exhaust after treatment device 264). Alternatively,exhaust gas sensor 268 may be placed upstream of after treatment device264. Exhaust oxygen and/or HC levels may be indicated by each exhaustgas sensor 266 and 268, and may be used to determine degradation of thereformate system 212.

Further, exhaust gas sensors 266 and 268 are included in sensors 270.Sensors 270 further include sensors 272, 274, 276, 278, 280, 282 whichmay be temperature and/or pressure sensors coupled in the reformatesystem. Such pressure sensors may be configured to identify degradationbased on a pressure less than a first pressure threshold or greater thana second pressure threshold. Further, such temperature sensors may beconfigured to identify degradation based on a temperature less than afirst temperature threshold or greater than a second temperaturethreshold. Further, sensors 270 may include other sensors not listed,such as exhaust gas temperature sensors upstream and/or downstream ofthe reformate system 234.

Further, buffer tank 240 includes a fuel composition sensor 284,reformer 234 includes fuel composition sensor 286, and liquid fuel tank218 includes fuel composition sensor 288. The output of fuel compositionsensors may be used to identify fuel reformer degradation by controlsystem 290 based on a fuel composition below a first fuel compositionthreshold or above a second fuel composition threshold.

A control system 290 includes sensors 270, a controller 292, andactuators 294 (which includes, e.g., an example throttle, example enginevalves, exhaust diverter valve 236, first, second and third reformatevalves 228, 242 and 244 respectively, etc.). In the present example, thecontroller includes instructions on a recordable medium. Further, engine210 and reformate system 212 may be configured to limit fuel flowbetween at least one of liquid fuel tank 218 and fuel reformer 234 andbetween intake manifold 250 and the gaseous fuel injector 248 inresponse to a degradation indicated by at least one of the pressuresensors, the temperature sensors, the exhaust oxygen sensors, theexhaust hydrocarbon sensors, and the fuel composition sensors. Further,in response to degradation engine charge dilution may be reduced byreducing an amount of EGR, adjusting valve timing, and/or by richeningan air-fuel mixture of the engine. Further still, boost provided by acompressor in communication with the intake manifold 250 may be limitedby adjusting a waste gate, vane position, drive ratio, or clutch.Further still, an amount of liquid fuel delivered to one or morecylinders 216 of the engine 210 may be increased in response to acondition of degradation of fuel reformer 234.

Thus, the system of FIG. 2 provides for operating an engine with a fuelreformer, comprising: a fuel reformer; a pressure sensor incommunication with said fuel reformer; a temperature sensor incommunication with said fuel reformer; a fuel composition sensor incommunication said fuel reformer; and a controller with instructions togradually reduce reformate flow from said fuel reformer to said engineduring a first degradation condition of said fuel reformer, immediatelystop reformate flow from said fuel reformer to said engine during asecond degradation condition of said fuel reformer, and reduce an engineconstituent in proportion to an amount of reformate flow reduced to saidengine during said first and second degradation conditions of said fuelreformer. The system further comprising instructions for decreasingreformate flow during an operator throttle tip-out during degradation ofsaid fuel reformer.

Turning now to FIG. 3, a first routine 300 is shown. Routine 300 is oneexample of a higher level routine for operating an engine and relatedsystems, for example a reformate system. Routine 300 may be instructionsstored in a readable memory and included in an example enginecontroller. Routine 300 is one example of a method for determining andresponding to a degradation of an example reformate system. Further,routine 300 is one example of a method for determining and operating anexample engine in one of a plurality of operating modes, where one ofthe plurality of modes includes a degraded reformate system. Furtherstill, routine 300 may be run repeatedly, after discrete time intervals,in response to queues, triggers, etc. for continuous or periodicmonitoring and control.

In the present example routine 300 includes judging if an examplereformate system is degraded at 310. One example of determining if thereformate system is degraded is described below with respect to routine400 of FIG. 4. Determining if the reformate system is degraded includes,for example, a determination if a pressure in the reformate system isabove a pressure threshold or below a pressure threshold. Further, thedetermination may include judging if a temperature in the reformersystem is above or below a temperature threshold. Further still, thedetermination may include if a fuel quality and/or chemical content isabove a quality threshold or below a threshold. If the reformate systemis judged to be degraded, routine 300 proceeds to 316. Otherwise,routine 300 proceeds to 312.

In the present example, routine 300 judges if misfire is suspected at312. Determining if misfire is suspected is an optional step and isshown with a dashed outline to indicate its optional nature. Further,312 is discussed in more detail below.

In examples where routine 300 does not include determining if misfire issuspected, routine 300 continues to 314 where the engine is operatednominally. Nominal operation may include injecting gaseous reformate tothe engine, injecting liquid fuel to the engine at a first level,combusting at a first air-to-fuel ratio, a reformate charge dilutionlevel, a reformate boost level, and a reformate spark timing. Nominaloperation may change depending on an example operator's input (e.g., viaan example input device), engine temperature, exhaust oxygen level, etc.Further, nominal operation may be included as part of a first mode(e.g., at dash-dot box 350). After selecting nominal operation, routine300 may end.

In response to determining that an example reformate system is degradedat 310, routine 300 continues to 316, limiting flow of reformate to theexample engine. Limiting flow of reformate includes at least one ofstopping a flow of liquid fuel from an example liquid fuel tank to anexample reformer, stopping a flow of reformate gas from an examplegaseous injector to an example manifold, stopping flow at any pointintervening the liquid fuel tank and the manifold (for example, betweenthe cooler and the liquid fuel tank of FIG. 2), and stopping a flow ofexhaust gas through an example reformer. In this way, reformate productand/or consumption of reformate by the engine may be halted or reduced.In another example, the rate reformate is supplied to the engine may bereduced during a condition of reformer degradation. For example, if thefuel reformer is outputting reformate at a rate less than a thresholdlevel, the amount of reformate supplied to the engine or an exhaustafter treatment device may be reduced. In one example, the reformate maybe reduced proportional to a proportion of reformate produced by thefuel reformer. For example, if the reformer is supplying reformate at arate of 50% of a threshold rate, then the amount of reformate suppliedto the engine may be reduced by 50% or some other proportional amount.

After 316, routine 300 continues to 318 which includes reducing at leastone of cylinder charge dilution and boost. Reducing charge dilution canincrease charge combustibility and may compensate for the reducedreformate delivered to the engine. Further, limiting boost can reducethe engine knock threshold level by reducing cylinder pressure. After318, routine 300 continues to 320, which includes increasing an amountof liquid fuel delivered to engine. Increasing the amount of liquid fueldelivered to the engine may maintain an air-fuel ratio of the engineprior to the limiting of reformate flow. In further examples, increasingliquid fuel delivered to engine may enrich the air-fuel ratio incomparison to the air-fuel ratio of prior to the limiting of reformateflow. Enriching air-fuel ratio may increase charge combustibility in oneor more cylinders of the example engine and may compensate for thedecreased reformate delivered to the engine. Further, the amount ofliquid fuel injected to the engine can be increased so that the amountof engine torque delivered before reformate flow to the engine waslimited is maintained. In one example, the amount of liquid fuelincrease is proportional to the amount of reformate fuel decrease duringreformer degradation.

316, 318 and 320 are included in a second operating mode (as indicatedby dash-dot box 360). Because second mode 360 takes place in response toa degradation (determined at 310), second mode 360 includes adegradation of the example reformate system included in the exampleengine, limiting injecting gaseous reformate (at 316), injecting liquidfuel at a second level (at 320) greater than a first level in the firstmode 350, and combusting at a second air-fuel mixture at a ratio lessthan the first (e.g., richening). In further examples of routine 300,only one or two of 316, 318 and 320 are included in the routine and/orin second mode 360. After second mode 360, routine 300 ends in thepresent example.

In some examples of routine 300, determining that there is not adegradation of the reformate system at 310 includes not only directsensing of the reformate system, but additional engine sensors, such asan example exhaust gas sensor, or an engine speed sensor to monitorengine speed. In additional examples, determining that there is not adegradation of the reformate system at 310 only includes direct sensingof the reformate system. In some examples, routine 300 may includedetermining if a misfire is a consequence of reformer degradation. Asuspected misfire may be confirmed by a crankshaft acceleration above acrankshaft acceleration threshold, an engine speed below an engine speedthreshold, an exhaust oxygen concentration above an exhaust oxygenthreshold, an exhaust hydrocarbon concentration above an exhausthydrocarbon threshold, an engine output torque below a demanded torquethreshold, a short circuit or open circuit in an ignition system, etc.If engine misfire is suspected at 312, routine 300 may continue toconfirming and mitigating misfire at 322. Examples of confirming andmitigating misfire are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6.Furthermore, in the present example 322 is included in a third mode(indicated by dash-dot box 370). The third mode may include increasingan amount of gaseous reformate delivered to the example engine over afirst amount injected in said first mode, and a misfire indicated by atleast one of a persistently lean air-to-fuel ratio (e.g., a leancylinder mixture for more than a predetermined number of engine cycles),a persistently rich air-to-fuel ratio at an exhaust gas sensor (e.g., arich cylinder mixture for more than a predetermined number of enginecycles), and said engine speed below an engine speed threshold. In thepresent example, after 322, routine 300 ends.

Thus, the method of FIG. 3 provides for operating an engine, comprising:limiting reformate flow to said engine in response to degradation of afuel reformer; reducing an engine constituent proportionate to saidlimiting reformate flow; and increasing an amount of liquid fueldelivered to said engine to maintain engine torque and an air-fuel ratioof said engine prior to said limiting reformate flow. Further, themethod where said engine constituent is a cylinder dilution amount or anamount of boost. The method further comprising where said degradationincludes a symptom of lean or rich engine air-fuel or a fuel correctionamount greater than a predetermined amount. The method furthercomprising where degradation includes a pressure in said reformatesystem less than a first pressure threshold or greater than secondpressure threshold. The method further comprising indicating saidpressure greater than said first pressure threshold or less than saidsecond pressure threshold via a pressure sensor measuring at least oneof a reformate system cooler, vaporizer, reformer, buffer tank, gaseousinjector and a reformate supply line coupled intermediate reformatesystem components. The method where degradation includes a temperatureof a reformate system component less than a first temperature thresholdor greater than a second temperature threshold. The method furthercomprising indicating said temperature less than said first temperaturethreshold or greater than said second temperature threshold via atemperature sensor measuring at least one of a reformate system cooler,vaporizer, reformer catalyst, buffer tank, gaseous injector and areformate supply line coupled intermediate reformate system components.The method where said degradation includes a fuel composition below afirst fuel composition threshold or above a second fuel compositionthreshold, and where limiting reformate includes reducing reformate flowto said engine in proportion to a proportion of reformate produced bysaid fuel reformer. The method further comprising, indicating said fuelcomposition below said fuel composition threshold via a fuel compositionsensor measuring chemical composition of fuel in a liquid fuel tank,buffer tank, or reformer. The method where limiting flow of reformate tosaid engine includes stopping injection of reformate via a gaseous fuelinjector. The method including limiting reformate flow to said engineincludes stopping flow of liquid fuel from a fuel tank to a reformer.The method including limiting reformate flow to said engine includingstopping flow of exhaust gas to a reformer.

The method of FIG. 3 also provides for a first mode including operatingan engine at a first speed and load, injecting gaseous reformate to saidengine, injecting liquid fuel to said engine in a first amount andcombusting an air-fuel mixture comprising said gaseous reformate andliquid fuel; and a second mode including operating said engine atsubstantially said first speed and load, a degradation of a reformatesystem, limiting injecting of said gaseous reformate, injecting saidliquid fuel in a second amount greater than said first amount, andcombusting at a second air-fuel mixture comprising at least said liquidfuel. The method where the second mode further comprises stopping flowof liquid fuel from a fuel tank to a fuel reformer. The method wheresaid degradation in the second mode includes a temperature sensorcoupled to a reformer, said sensor indicating a temperature greater thana second temperature threshold. The method where said degradationincludes a pressure sensor coupled to a buffer tank, said sensorindicating a pressure greater than a second pressure threshold. Themethod where said degradation includes a fuel composition sensor coupledto a liquid fuel tank, said sensor indicating a fuel composition amountbelow a composition threshold. The method further comprising a thirdmode including, a misfire of a cylinder in said engine, and increasingan amount of gaseous reformate delivered to said engine over a firstamount injected in said first mode. The method further comprising wheresaid misfire is indicated by a lean or rich air-fuel ratio or by achange in engine speed or by a crankshaft acceleration above a thresholdlevel.

Turning now to FIG. 4 an example routine 400 for determining if areformate system is degraded, is shown. In one example, routine 400 maybe a subroutine of another routine (e.g., at 310 of routine 300discussed above with respect to FIG. 3). Routine 400 starts at 402,where it is judged if a pressure in the reformate system is less than afirst pressure threshold or greater than second pressure threshold. Forexample, 402 may include indicating that pressure is less than saidfirst pressure threshold or greater than the second pressure thresholdvia a pressure sensor measuring pressure in at least one of a reformatesystem cooler, vaporizer, reformer, buffer tank, gaseous injector and areformate supply line coupled intermediate reformate system components.If a pressure in the reformate system is not less than a first thresholdpressure, or if pressure in the reformate system is not greater than asecond threshold pressure, routine 400 continues to 404. Otherwise,routine 400 proceeds to 412. Of course, the pressures and pressurethresholds may be different for different portions (e.g., reformer inletand outlet pressures) and/or components of the fuel reformer.

At 404, routine 400 determines if a temperature of the reformate systemis less than a first temperature threshold or if a temperature of thereformate system is greater than a second temperature threshold. Thetemperature may include one or more of a temperature of engine exhaustentering the fuel reformer, the temperature of engine exhaust exitingthe fuel reformer, a temperature of a fuel entering the fuel reformer, atemperature of fuel exiting the fuel reformer, a temperature of vapor orof a vaporizer, a temperature of a vapor cooler, temperature of fuelvapors in a buffer tank, temperature of reformate in fuel lines orinjectors. The before mentioned temperatures may be measured bytemperature sensors or inferred from other sources. If a temperature inthe reformate system is not less than a first threshold temperature orif temperature in the reformate system is not greater than a secondthreshold temperature, routine 400 continues to 406. Otherwise, routine400 proceeds to 412. Of course, the temperatures and temperaturethresholds may be different for different portions and/or components ofthe fuel reformer.

At 406, routine 400 judges if the composition of fuel converted toreformate after being processed by the fuel reformer is less than athreshold composition. In one example, if the amount of reformateexiting the fuel reformer is less than a threshold amount for apredefined amount of fuel entering the fuel reformer, routine 400proceeds to 412. Otherwise, routine 400 proceeds to 408. Thus, in oneexample, if the efficiency of the fuel reformer is less than athreshold, routine 400 proceeds to 412. The fuel composition may besensed by a hydrocarbon sensor or by a CO sensor for example. In anotherexample, 406 may include judging if fuel composition of liquid fueldelivered to the reformate system is above a first fuel compositionthreshold or below a second fuel composition threshold. For example,some reformate systems may only be effective at converting alcohol toreformate gas, and such systems may be degraded if supplied with aliquid fuel of low alcohol content or high gasoline content.

At 408, routine 400 judges if engine misfire is occurring. In oneexample, engine misfire may be determined from oxygen sensors in theexhaust path of the engine. On the other hand, engine misfire may bedetected from changes in the instantaneous engine speed or crankshaftacceleration, or from cylinder pressure transducers. If routine 400judges the presence of engine misfire, routine 400 proceeds to 412.Otherwise, routine 400 proceeds to 410.

At 410, routine 400 indicates that the reformate system is not operatingunder degraded conditions. In one example, a bit may be set in an enginecontroller to indicate lack of a degraded fuel reformer. Routine 400proceeds to exit once the non-degradation flag is set.

At 412, routine 400 sets a flag indicating degradation of the fuelreformer system. In one example, a bit may be set in an enginecontroller to indicate degradation of a fuel reformer. Once the flagindicating a degraded fuel reformer is set, adjustments and/ormitigating control actions may be taken by peripheral systems. Forexample, if it is judged that reformer operation is degraded, a routinemay adjust cylinder valve timing, boost pressure, cylinder dilution,spark advance, waste gate position, fuel injection timing, and liquidfuel amount to compensate for a degraded fuel reformer. Routine 400proceeds to exit once the degradation flag is set.

Referring now to FIG. 5, an example routine for responding to anincreased amount of exhaust gas oxygen is shown. Routine 500 may beexecuted when both gaseous reformate and liquid fuel are supplied toengine cylinders.

Routine 500 starts at 502 where it is judged whether or not oxygenconcentration in engine exhaust gases is above a threshold oxygenconcentration level. In one example, the exhaust gas oxygenconcentration may be determined from an exhaust gas oxygen concentrationsensor, a universal exhaust gas concentration sensor for example. If theoxygen concentration in engine exhaust gases is higher than a thresholdoxygen concentration, routine 500 proceeds to 504. Otherwise, routine500 proceeds to exit.

At 504, routine 500 attempts to increase the amount of a primary fueldelivered to an engine cylinder by increasing an electrical pulse widthof a signal applied to a fuel injector. As the amount of fuel suppliedto a cylinder increases, the amount of excess oxygen present in engineexhaust gases may decrease. Further, increasing the fuel amount maydrive the cylinder air-fuel mixture toward a desired cylinder air-fuelratio, thereby improving engine emissions. Routine 500 proceeds to 506after the primary fuel amount is increased.

In one example, the primary fuel may be designated as the liquid fuel.In another example, the primary fuel may change depending on engineoperating conditions. For example, during a cold engine start theprimary fuel may be reformate while during a hot engine start theprimary fuel may be liquid fuel. In yet another example, the primaryfuel may be based on the fuel comprising the highest fuel fraction offuel in a cylinder air-fuel mixture, based on either mass or heatingvalue of fuel. For example, if an air-fuel mixture is comprised of 85%liquid fuel and 15% gaseous reformate, the primary fuel is liquid fuel.Likewise, if an air-fuel mixture is comprised of 65% gaseous reformateand 35% liquid fuel, the primary fuel is reformate.

At 506, routine 500 judges whether or not exhaust gas oxygenconcentration is greater than a threshold oxygen concentration level.The oxygen concentration may be detected by a wide range oxygen sensor(e.g., a universal exhaust gas oxygen sensor UEGO) placed in the exhaustpath downstream of engine cylinders. The oxygen sensor signal may beprocessed by an engine controller to determine the air-fuel ratio atwhich engine cylinders are operating. If the oxygen concentration ofengine cylinders is greater than a predetermined threshold oxygenconcentration, routine 500 proceeds to 508. Otherwise, routine 500proceeds to exit.

In addition, if liquid fuel is the primary fuel and increasing theliquid fuel injector pulse width does not reduce the exhaust gas oxygenconcentration, the flow of liquid fuel to the engine may be deactivatedby stopping a fuel pump or by deactivating fuel injectors. Further, theflow of reformate to the engine may be increased in proportion to theamount of liquid fuel that is not injected. Alternatively, the liquidinjectors could be shut-down for only the cylinders exhibiting oxygenconcentrations higher than a predetermined level, and those cylinderscould be operated solely with reformate.

At 508, routine 500 judges whether or not reformate is the primaryengine fuel. In one example, reformate may be judged to be the primaryfuel if it comprises more than 50% of the mass or heating value of fuelentering engine cylinders. The mass and/or heating value of reformateentering an engine cylinder may be determined from the amount of time afuel injector injecting reformate is open as well as from thetemperature and the pressure of reformate. The total mass and/or heatingvalue of fuel entering a cylinder may be determined from the times thatboth liquid fuel injectors and gaseous fuel injectors are open during acylinder or engine cycle. If routine 500 judges that reformate is theprimary fuel, routine 500 proceeds to 514. Otherwise, routine 500proceeds to 510.

At 510, routine 500 increases the amount of reformate injected to enginecylinders. In one example, the time injectors are open during a cylindercycle is increased to increase the amount of reformate entering enginecylinders. In another example, the pressure at which reformate isdelivered to engine cylinders may be increased while injection timingremains the same. Thus, the amount of reformate delivered to enginecylinders is increased by increasing the reformate flow rate. Routine500 returns to 506 after the amount of reformate delivered to enginecylinders is increased.

At 514, routine 500 assesses pressures in the reformate system todetermine if pressures are in range. In one example, reformate systempressures may vary as the reformer becomes operational. For example,when the reformer is initially started reformer pressures may be at alow level. As the reformer continues to operate, reformer pressuresincrease until operating pressures are reached. Thus, the desiredreformer pressures may start at a first pressure when the reformer isfirst started and then increase or decrease until the reformer reachesoperating conditions. If one of the pressures in the reformer system isless than a first threshold pressure or greater than a second thresholdpressure during reformer operation, it may be judged that the reformatepressure is not in range. If a pressure in the reformer system is not inrange, routine 500 proceeds to 516. Otherwise, routine 500 proceeds to522. The pressures in the reformate system may include storage tankpressure, fuel line pressure, pressure in the reformer, pressure in aheat exchanger, vaporizer pressure, and fuel supply pressure. Further,the range of desirable reformate pressure may vary with reformer andengine operating conditions. For example, if the reformer is started andthe engine is idling, the desired and actual reformate pressures mayrise at a first rate. However, if the reformer is started and the engineis operating at higher engine speeds and torques, the desired and actualreformate pressures may rise at a second rate, higher than the firstrate.

At 516, routine 500 judges whether or not it is feasible to increase therate at which reformate is produced by the fuel reformer. In oneexample, if the fuel reformer is operating at warmed-up operatingtemperatures and pressures and the rate reformate is produced is lessthan a threshold rate, it may be determined that the rate of reformategeneration may not be increased and routine 500 proceeds to 518.However, if the fuel reformer is operating at temperatures and pressuresthat are less than threshold temperatures and pressures, routine 500 maychoose to increase reformate production by proceeding to 512.

At 512, routine 500 increases reformate production. In one example,reformate production may be increased by increasing reformertemperature. Reformer temperature may be increased by at least one ofincreasing exhaust gas flow to the reformer and operating the engine ata higher load and operating the engine with additional spark retard. Inanother example, fuel reformer output may be adjusted by increasing oneor more of the reformer operating pressures. For example, the pressurein the fuel reformer (e.g., 234 of FIG. 2) may be adjusted by adjustingpositions of one or more valves (e.g., valves 228, 242, and/or 244).Thus, reformate production can be controlled by controlling fuel flowinto and out of the fuel reformer. Further, reformate production can becontrolled by adjusting temperatures and pressures in the reformatesystem.

At 518, routine 500 decreases cylinder charge dilution. Cylinder chargedilution may be adjusted by changing valve timing, EGR, cylinderair-fuel ratio, etc. For example, an amount of intake and exhaust valveoverlap during a cylinder cycle may be decreased to reduce cylindercharge dilution. Further, engine air-fuel ratio may be richened toreduce cylinder charge dilution.

In some examples, the amount of liquid fuel injected to engine cylindersmay be increased at 518. In particular, the amount of liquid fuelinjected can be increased to richen the engine air-fuel ratio and sothat a desired level of engine torque is produced. In one example, if asudden change in reformer output is detected (e.g., a degraded fuelreformer condition), flow of reformate to the engine may be limited andthe amount of liquid fuel injected may be increased such that the levelof engine torque and exhaust air-fuel ratio present before the change inreformer output is maintained. In one example, the amount of increasedliquid fuel may be determined by the change in hydrogen and hydrocarbonsprovided to the engine as a result of the change in reformer output. Theestimated or determined change in hydrocarbons and hydrogen due to thereformer output may be compensated by increasing the mass of liquidhydrocarbons injected to the engine in proportion to the reduction inhydrocarbons due to the change in fuel reformer operating conditions.

At 518, routine 500 may gradually reduce reformate flow from said fuelreformer to said engine during a first degradation condition of saidfuel reformer (e.g., fuel reformer temperature or pressure out of range,low fuel supply amount, reformer substrate degradation), immediatelystop reformate flow from said fuel reformer to said engine during asecond degradation condition of said fuel reformer (e.g., fuel supply oroutput pressure rate of change greater than a threshold rate of change,fuel reformer pressure rate of change greater than a threshold rate ofchange), and reduce an engine constituent (e.g., EGR, boost pressure,cylinder air amount, or fuel amount) in proportion to an amount ofreformate flow reduced to said engine during said first and seconddegradation conditions of said fuel reformer. Further, routine 500decreases reformate flow during an operator throttle tip-out duringdegradation of said fuel reformer. Since charge dilution is reduced as aresult of less available reformate, the amount of reformate injected tothe engine in response to an operator releasing or partially releasingan accelerator pedal (e.g., tip-out) may be reduced.

At 520, routine 500 adjusts spark timing to compensate for conditionswhen reformate is unavailable or limited. In one example, spark may beretarded proportionate to the reduction in reformate from when thedesired amount of reformate is available to the engine. Further, theamount of spark advance may be limited according to the adjusted valvetimings, EGR amount, and engine air-fuel ratio conditions set at 518.Routine 500 proceeds to exit after spark timing is adjusted.

At 522, routine 500 identifies and flags a condition of exhaust gasoxygen concentration as being related to spark, compression, ordilution. In one example, a bit may be set in the memory of an enginecontroller to identify the source of exhaust gas oxygen. Further, thehigher level of exhaust oxygen may be attributed to an engine misfire.Routine 500 proceeds to 524 after higher levels of exhaust oxygen areflagged at 522.

At 524, routine 500 illuminates a light on an operator panel. In oneexample, the light may be a check engine light. Routine 500 proceeds toexit after illuminating the driver indication light.

Referring now to FIG. 6, an example routine for responding to enginemisfire is shown. Routine 600 begins at 602 where routine 600 judgeswhether or not a misfire has been detected. In one example, an enginemisfire may be determined from the rate of change in engine speed orcrankshaft acceleration. For example, if engine speed between cylindercombustion events changes (e.g., decreases) by more than a predeterminedamount, it may be judged that an engine misfire has occurred. In anotherexample, a cylinder misfire may be determined from cylinder pressure.For example, if cylinder pressure does not reach a predeterminedpressure, it may be judged that a misfire has occurred. If routine 600has judged that a misfire has occurred, routine 600 proceeds to 604,otherwise routine 600 proceeds to exit.

At 604, routine 600 judges whether or not reformate is the primaryengine fuel. In one example, reformate may be judged to be the primaryfuel if it comprises more than 50% of the mass for heating value of fuelentering engine cylinders. The mass and/or heating value of reformateentering an engine cylinder may be determined from the amount of time afuel injector injecting reformate is open as well as from thetemperature and the pressure of reformate. The total mass and/or heatingvalue of fuel entering a cylinder may be determined from the times thatboth liquid fuel injectors and gaseous fuel injectors are open during acylinder or engine cycle. If routine 600 judges that reformate is theprimary fuel, routine 600 proceeds to 606. Otherwise, routine 600proceeds to 620.

At 606, routine 600 assesses pressures in the reformate system todetermine if pressures are in range. In one example, reformate systempressures may vary as the reformer becomes operational. For example,when the reformer is initially started reformer pressures may be at alow level. As the reformer continues to operate, reformer pressuresincrease until operating pressures are reached. Thus, the desiredreformer pressures may start at a first pressure when the reformer isfirst started and then increase or decrease until the reformer reachesoperating conditions. If one of the pressures in the reformer system isless than a first threshold pressure or greater than a second thresholdpressure during reformer operation, it may be judged that the reformatepressure is not in range. If a pressure in the reformer system is not inrange, routine 600 proceeds to 612. Otherwise, routine 600 proceeds to608. The pressures in the reformate system may include storage tankpressure, fuel line pressure, pressure in the reformer, pressure in aheat exchanger, vaporizer pressure, and fuel supply pressure. Further,the range of desirable reformate pressure may vary with reformer andengine operating conditions. For example, if the reformer is started andthe engine is idling, the desired and actual reformate pressures mayrise at a first rate. However, if the reformer is started and the engineis operating at higher engine speeds and torques, the desired and actualreformate pressures may rise at a second rate, higher than the firstrate.

At 608, routine 600 identifies and flags a condition of engine misfireas being related to spark, compression, or dilution. Various sensors maybe used to identify the source of misfire. For example, an ion sensormay detect a low energy spark or a valve position sensor may indicateundesirable valve timing or EGR rate. In one example, a bit may be setin the memory of an engine controller to identify the source of enginemisfire. Routine 600 proceeds to 610 after misfire is flagged at 608.

At 610, routine 600 illuminates a light on an operator panel. In oneexample, the light may be a check engine light. Routine 600 proceeds toexit after illuminating the driver indication light.

At 612, routine 600 judges whether or not it is feasible to increase therate at which reformate is produced by the fuel reformer. In oneexample, if the fuel reformer is at warmed-up operating temperatures andpressures and the rate reformate is produced is less than a thresholdrate, it may be determined that the rate of reformate generation may notbe increased and routine 600 proceeds to 614. However, if the fuelreformer is operating at temperatures and pressures that are less thanthreshold temperatures and pressures, routine 600 may choose to increasereformate production by proceeding to 618.

At 614, routine 600 decreases cylinder charge dilution. Cylinder chargedilution may be adjusted by changing valve timing, EGR, and/or cylinderair-fuel ratio. For example, an amount of intake and exhaust valveoverlap during a cylinder cycle may be decreased to reduce cylindercharge dilution. Further, engine air-fuel ratio may be richened toreduce cylinder charge dilution.

In some examples, the amount of liquid fuel injected to engine cylindersmay be increased at 614. In particular, the amount of liquid fuelinjected can be increased to richen the engine air-fuel ratio and sothat a desired level of engine torque is produced. In one example, if asudden change in reformer output is detected (e.g., a degraded fuelreformer condition), flow of reformate to the engine may be limited andthe amount of liquid fuel injected may be increased such that the levelof engine torque and exhaust air-fuel ratio present before the change inreformer output is maintained. In one example, the amount of increasedliquid fuel may be determined by the change in hydrogen and hydrocarbonsprovided to the engine as a result of the change in reformer output. Theestimated or determined change in hydrocarbons and hydrogen due to thereformer output may be compensated by increasing the mass of liquidhydrocarbons injected to the engine in proportion to the reduction inhydrocarbons due to the change in fuel reformer operating conditions.

At 614, routine 600 may gradually reduce reformate flow from said fuelreformer to said engine during a first degradation condition of saidfuel reformer (e.g., fuel reformer temperature or pressure out of range,low fuel supply amount, reformer substrate degradation), immediatelystop reformate flow from said fuel reformer to said engine during asecond degradation condition of said fuel reformer (e.g., fuel supply oroutput pressure rate of change greater than a threshold rate of change,fuel reformer pressure rate of change greater than a threshold rate ofchange), and reduce an engine constituent (e.g., EGR, VCT, boostpressure, cylinder air amount, or fuel amount) in proportion to anamount of reformate flow reduced to said engine during said first andsecond degradation conditions of said fuel reformer. Further, routine600 decreases reformate flow during an operator throttle tip-out duringdegradation of said fuel reformer. Since charge dilution is reduced as aresult of less available reformate, the amount of reformate injected tothe engine in response to an operator releasing or partially releasingan accelerator pedal (e.g., tip-out) may be reduced.

At 616, routine 600 adjusts spark timing to compensate for conditionswhen reformate is unavailable or limited. In one example, spark may beretarded proportionate to the reduction in reformate from when thedesired amount of reformate is available to the engine. Further, theamount of spark advance may be limited according to the adjusted valvetimings, EGR amount, and engine air-fuel ratio conditions set at 614.Routine 600 proceeds to exit after spark timing is adjusted.

At 618, routine 600 increases reformate production. In one example,reformate production may be adjusted by increasing reformer temperature.Reformer temperature may be increased by at least one of increasingexhaust gas flow to the reformer and operating the engine at a higherload and operating the engine with additional spark retard. In anotherexample, fuel reformer output may be adjusted by increasing one or moreof the reformer operating pressures. For example, the pressure in thefuel reformer (e.g., 234 of FIG. 2) may be increased by adjustingpositions of one or more valves (e.g., valves 228, 242, and/or 244).Thus, reformate production can be controlled by controlling fuel flowinto and out of the fuel reformer. Further, reformate production can becontrolled by adjusting temperatures and pressures in the reformatesystem.

At 620, routine 600 increases the amount of reformate injected to enginecylinders. In one example, the time injectors are open during a cylindercycle is increased to increase the amount of reformate entering enginecylinders. In another example, the pressure at which reformate isdelivered to engine cylinders may be increased while injection timingremains the same. Thus, the amount of reformate delivered to enginecylinders is increased by increasing the reformate flow rate. Routine600 exits after the amount of reformate delivered to engine cylinders isincreased.

Referring now to FIG. 7, an example routine for controlling engineemissions of a vehicle with a fuel reformer is shown. Routine 700 beginsat 702 where routine 700 judges if non-hydrocarbon engine emissions aregreater than a threshold level. In one example, routine 700 determinesif tailpipe NO_(x) is greater than a predetermined level. If it isjudged that NO_(x) is greater than a predetermined level, routine 700proceeds to 706. Otherwise, routine 700 proceeds to exit.

At 704, routine 700 increases the temperature of an exhaust gas aftertreatment device. In one example, the temperature of an exhaust gasafter treatment device may be increased by adjusting fuel injectiontiming. For example, fuel may be injected later in a cylinder cycle toincrease exhaust gas temperatures. In another example, spark timing maybe retarded to increase exhaust gas temperatures. Routine 700 proceedsto 704 after increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device.

At 706, routine 700 starts supplying and/or increases an amount ofreformate supplied to an exhaust gas after treatment device. In oneexample, reformate is supplied to the exhaust system at a locationupstream of a NO_(x) trap. Further, the flow rate and amount ofreformate supplied to the NO_(x) trap may be regulated by a valvelocated between the fuel reformer outlet and the exhaust system. Forexample, the rate that reformate is supplied to the exhaust system isadjusted by varying the duty cycle of a signal applied to the controlvalve. If additional reformate is required the duty cycle is increased.If less reformate is required the duty cycle is decreased. Routine 700proceeds to 708 after increasing the amount of reformate supplied to theexhaust after treatment device.

At 708, routine 700 judges whether or not hydrocarbon emissionsdownstream of an after treatment device are greater than a thresholdamount. In one example, the exhaust hydrocarbon concentration may bedetermined from an oxygen sensor or from a hydrocarbon sensor. If theexhaust gas hydrocarbons are above a threshold amount it may be judgedthat an exhaust gas constituent (e.g., NO_(x)) has been purged from theafter treatment device. Alternatively, if exhaust gas hydrocarbons areabove a threshold level it may be judged that the after treatment deviceis not at operating temperature or operating in a degraded condition. Ifexhaust system hydrocarbon emissions are above a threshold level,routine 700 proceeds to 710. Otherwise, routine 700 proceeds to 712.

At 710, routine 700 reduces the amount of reformate supplied to anexhaust gas after treatment device. In one example, reformate is reducedin proportion to the concentration of hydrocarbons observed downstreamof the exhaust gas after treatment device. Routine 700 proceeds to 712after an amount of hydrocarbons delivered to the exhaust system isreduced.

At 712, routine 700 judges whether or not the after treatment device ispurged of stored exhaust gas constituents. In one example, an exhaustgas after treatment device may be judged to be purged of stored exhaustconstituents in response to a temperature of the exhaust gas aftertreatment device. In another example, an exhaust gas after treatmentdevice may be judged to be purged of stored exhaust constituents inresponse to an oxygen concentration in exhaust gases downstream of theexhaust gas after treatment device. In yet other examples, an exhaustgas after treatment device may be judged to be purged of stored exhaustconstituents in response to a purge time or an amount of reformatesupplied for purging. If routine 700 judges purging complete, routine700 proceeds to 714. Otherwise, routine 700 returns to 704.

At 714, routine 700 stops the flow of reformate to the exhaust systemand exhaust after treatment device. Reformate flow may be stopped byclosing a valve or by deactivating the fuel reformer. Routine 700proceeds to exit after flow of reformate to the exhaust system isstopped.

As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, routinesdescribed in FIGS. 3-7 may represent one or more of any number ofprocessing strategies such as event-driven, interrupt-driven,multi-tasking, multi-threading, and the like. As such, various steps orfunctions illustrated may be performed in the sequence illustrated, inparallel, or in some cases omitted Likewise, the order of processing isnot necessarily required to achieve the objects, features, andadvantages described herein, but is provided for ease of illustrationand description. Although not explicitly illustrated, one of ordinaryskill in the art will recognize that one or more of the illustratedsteps or functions may be repeatedly performed depending on theparticular strategy being used.

Finally, it will be understood that the articles, systems and methodsdescribed herein are exemplary in nature, and that these specificembodiments or examples are not to be considered in a limiting sense,because numerous variations are contemplated. Accordingly, the presentdisclosure includes all novel and non-obvious combinations andsub-combinations of the various systems and methods disclosed herein, aswell as any and all equivalents thereof.

This concludes the description. The reading of it by those skilled inthe art would bring to mind many alterations and modifications withoutdeparting from the spirit and the scope of the description. For example,I3, I4, I5, V6, V8, V10, and V12 engines operating in natural gas,gasoline, diesel, or alternative fuel configurations could use thepresent description to advantage.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A method of operating an engine, comprising:reducing reformate flow to said engine in proportion to a proportion ofreformate produced by a fuel reformer in response to reformerdegradation including a fuel composition above a fuel compositionthreshold; reducing an engine constituent proportionate to said reducingreformate flow; and increasing a liquid fuel amount delivered to saidengine to maintain engine torque and an engine air-fuel ratio prior tosaid reducing reformate flow.
 22. The method of claim 21, where saidengine constituent is a cylinder dilution amount or an amount of boost.23. The method of claim 21, where said degradation includes a symptom oflean or rich engine air-fuel or a fuel correction amount greater than apredetermined amount.
 24. The method of claim 21, where said degradationincludes a reformate system pressure less than a first pressurethreshold or greater than a second pressure threshold.
 25. The method ofclaim 24, further comprising indicating said pressure less than saidfirst pressure threshold or greater than said second pressure thresholdvia a pressure sensor measuring at least one of a reformate systemcooler, vaporizer, reformer, buffer tank, gaseous injector and areformate supply line coupled intermediate reformate system components.26. The method of claim 21, where said degradation includes atemperature of a reformate system component less than a firsttemperature threshold or greater than a second temperature threshold.27. The method of claim 26, further comprising indicating saidtemperature less than said first temperature threshold or greater thansaid second temperature threshold via a temperature sensor measuring atleast one of a reformate system cooler, vaporizer, reformer, buffertank, gaseous injector and a reformate supply line coupled intermediatereformate system components.
 28. The method of claim 21, furthercomprising, indicating said fuel composition above said fuel compositionthreshold via a fuel composition sensor measuring chemical compositionof fuel in at least one of a liquid fuel tank, buffer tank, reformer,gaseous fuel injector, liquid fuel injector, and fuel line coupling fuelsystem components.
 29. The method of claim 21, where reducing flow ofreformate to said engine includes limiting injection of reformate via agaseous fuel injector.
 30. The method of claim 21, where reducingreformate flow to said engine includes at least one of limiting flow ofliquid fuel from a fuel tank to the reformer, limiting flow betweenreformate system components, and limiting flow of exhaust gas to thereformer.
 31. A method for an engine, comprising: a first mode includingoperating an engine at a first speed and load, injecting gaseousreformate to said engine, injecting liquid fuel to said engine in afirst amount and combusting an air-fuel mixture comprising said gaseousreformate and liquid fuel; a second mode including operating said engineat substantially said first speed and load, a degradation of a reformatesystem, limiting injecting of said gaseous reformate, injecting saidliquid fuel in a second amount greater than said first amount, andcombusting at a second air-fuel mixture comprising at least said liquidfuel, where said degradation includes a fuel composition sensor coupledto a liquid fuel tank, said sensor indicating a fuel composition above acomposition threshold.
 32. The method of claim 31, where the second modefurther comprises stopping flow of liquid fuel from a fuel tank to afuel reformer.
 33. The method of claim 31, where said degradation in thesecond mode includes a temperature sensor coupled to a reformer, saidsensor indicating a temperature greater than a second temperaturethreshold.
 34. The method of claim 31, where said degradation includes apressure sensor coupled to a buffer tank, said sensor indicating apressure greater than a second pressure threshold.
 35. The method ofclaim 31, further comprising a third mode including, a misfire of acylinder in said engine, and increasing an amount of gaseous reformatedelivered to said engine over a first amount injected in said firstmode.
 36. The method of claim 35, where said misfire is indicated by alean or rich air-fuel ratio or by a change in engine speed or by achange in crankshaft acceleration.
 37. A system for operating an enginewith a fuel reformer, comprising: a fuel reformer; a pressure sensor incommunication with said fuel reformer; a temperature sensor incommunication with said fuel reformer; an exhaust gas recirculationinlet a fuel composition sensor in communication with said fuelreformer; and a controller with instructions to gradually reducereformate flow from said fuel reformer to said engine during a firstdegradation condition of said fuel reformer, immediately stop reformateflow from said fuel reformer to said engine during a second degradationcondition of said fuel reformer, reduce an exhaust gas recirculationamount in proportion to an amount of reformate flow reduced to saidengine during said first and second degradation conditions of said fuelreformer, and decrease reformate flow during an operator throttletip-out during degradation of said fuel reformer.